Abstract:
Recent years have observed different techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), but energy is still a vital resource. The main limitations imposed are the cost and size, therefore, these sensor nodes are provided with a constrained amount of energy. So, there is a pressing requirement for energy harvesting. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the energy harvesting systems for powered-battery wireless sensor nodes. These systems operated at 5G frequency bands such as 2.4GHz, 5.8GHz, and 6GHz, which included receiving antenna, rectifier circuit, impedance matching network, and load. The RF energy harvested from the surrounding environment by antenna, and converted to usable DC current using microwave Schottky rectifier diodes. There are different challenges presented in this study such as antenna structure design with resonant frequency bands, rectifier topologies with choosing diodes, and impedance matching for full integration of low power rectenna. The most important key parameters for these systems in order to evaluate are conversion efficiency and output voltage and power at the optimum load resistor. This review article summarizes the recent advances and the most important challenges in the 5G band energy harvesting systems for WSNs applications at the structures and topologies.
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